Phase angle of energizing voltage α

Maximum value of estimated R_w

Minimum value of estimated R_w

Average value of estimated R_w

α = 0˚

0.9 Ω

0.02 Ω

0.26 Ω

α = 45˚

0.9 Ω

0.01 Ω

0.25 Ω

α = 90˚

0.17 Ω

0.06 Ω

0.06 Ω